There are a number of ‘spin-offs’ directly related to gynaecological practice which have arisen from our transplantation research. They include the first case of fertility sparing surgery for a giant adenomatoid tumour of the uterus, a tumour previously managed by hysterectomy and a successful cessation of bleeding in a patient with a ruptured cornual ectopic pregnancy without need of hysterectomy.

Also, some of the techniques have proved useful in the surgical management of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease, as well as the treatment of womb arterio-venous malformation. Finally, the idea of radical abdominal trachelectomy, a fertility-sparing surgery for early stage cervical cancer, was first proposed by Richard Smith and his colleagues in 1997, is now very much a part of the surgical process behind womb transplantation.